83 updates for rector

[Nealium104]

This PR makes some updates to Rector which we use for PHP upgrades and automated code quality scanning.

Changes

• Updates composer.json to declare its active PHP version. We currently run PHP 8.3 through a docker image. This will make sure we don't break any dependencies by accident.
• Adds a composer-based set to Rector's options for PHPUnit. Those tests can now be scanned for quality by Rector. If we add more PHP packages, we should check if there are any sets to use.
• Adds commands for rector invocation to the Makefile. This requires the host to have composer installed. We deliberately exclude from make check because rector can be a bit slow.
• Updates PHP dependencies

Fixes #88
Fixes #85

[cokernel]

I am happy with the core updates, but composer validate reports the following lock file error:

- The lock file is not up to date with the latest changes in composer.json, it is recommended that you run `composer update` or `composer update <package name>`.

I recommend updating composer.lock.

[Nealium104]

I am happy with the core updates, but composer validate reports the following lock file error:

- The lock file is not up to date with the latest changes in composer.json, it is recommended that you run `composer update` or `composer update <package name>`.

I recommend updating composer.lock.

Fixed in 761085f

[cokernel]

Approved.