Add 0.2.0 changelog entry

[KARTIKrocks]

Summary

What does this PR change, and why?

Documents the Go 1.27 minimum-version bump, golangci-lint/govulncheck tooling updates, and the CLI explain Ping timeout fix.

Closes #

Type of change

• Bug fix
• New detection rule
• New integration / parser
• Feature / enhancement
• Docs only
• Refactor / chore

Checklist

• make ci passes (fmt-check, vet, lint, test-race) across all modules
• Added/updated tests (and, where practical, a failure-mode check)
• Updated docs as needed (README.md, AGENTS.md, .sqlguard.example.yml)
• Added an entry under ## [Unreleased] in CHANGELOG.md
• No new third-party deps in analyzer / middleware / reporter
• Findings stay redaction-safe (no raw literals leak into a Result)

Notes for reviewers

Anything reviewers should focus on — tricky areas, trade-offs, follow-ups.

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Important

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