diff --git a/bindings/python/tree_sitter_ruby/binding.c b/bindings/python/tree_sitter_ruby/binding.c
index 6a02dfd1..2d01d92d 100644
--- a/bindings/python/tree_sitter_ruby/binding.c
+++ b/bindings/python/tree_sitter_ruby/binding.c
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ static PyObject* _binding_language(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self), PyObject *Py_UNUSE
     return PyCapsule_New(tree_sitter_ruby(), "tree_sitter.Language", NULL);
 }
 
+static struct PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+#endif
+    {0, NULL}
+};
+
 static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
     {"language", _binding_language, METH_NOARGS,
      "Get the tree-sitter language for this grammar."},
@@ -18,10 +25,11 @@ static struct PyModuleDef module = {
     .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     .m_name = "_binding",
     .m_doc = NULL,
-    .m_size = -1,
-    .m_methods = methods
+    .m_size = 0,
+    .m_methods = methods,
+    .m_slots = slots,
 };
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__binding(void) {
-    return PyModule_Create(&module);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&module);
 }
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 2c0384fa..ef6fcde6 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,11 +1,31 @@
 from os.path import isdir, join
 from platform import system
+from sysconfig import get_config_var
 
 from setuptools import Extension, find_packages, setup
 from setuptools.command.build import build
 from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel
 
 
+# True when the interpreter running setup.py is a free-threaded build. Such a
+# build cannot use the stable ABI, because the module has to declare the
+# Py_mod_gil slot and that slot is not part of the limited API.
+FREE_THREADED = bool(get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED"))
+
+# CPython defines Py_GIL_DISABLED in pyconfig.h on POSIX free-threaded builds,
+# but not on Windows, where it has to be passed to the compiler instead. Pass it
+# unconditionally on free-threaded builds so binding.c sees the same macro
+# everywhere; on POSIX this repeats the existing definition with the same value,
+# which is a legal redefinition.
+DEFINE_MACROS = [
+    ("PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN", None),
+    ("TREE_SITTER_HIDE_SYMBOLS", None),
+]
+DEFINE_MACROS += (
+    [("Py_GIL_DISABLED", "1")] if FREE_THREADED else [("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03090000")]
+)
+
+
 class Build(build):
     def run(self):
         if isdir("queries"):
@@ -17,7 +37,7 @@ def run(self):
 class BdistWheel(bdist_wheel):
     def get_tag(self):
         python, abi, platform = super().get_tag()
-        if python.startswith("cp"):
+        if python.startswith("cp") and not FREE_THREADED:
             python, abi = "cp39", "abi3"
         return python, abi, platform
 
@@ -45,13 +65,9 @@ def get_tag(self):
                 "/std:c11",
                 "/utf-8",
             ],
-            define_macros=[
-                ("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03090000"),
-                ("PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN", None),
-                ("TREE_SITTER_HIDE_SYMBOLS", None),
-            ],
+            define_macros=DEFINE_MACROS,
             include_dirs=["src"],
-            py_limited_api=True,
+            py_limited_api=not FREE_THREADED,
         )
     ],
     cmdclass={