diff --git a/builds/cmake/CMakePresets.json b/builds/cmake/CMakePresets.json
index ef8c3c193..e82d722ef 100644
--- a/builds/cmake/CMakePresets.json
+++ b/builds/cmake/CMakePresets.json
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
             "hidden": true,
             "cacheVariables": {
                 "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Debug",
-                "CMAKE_C_FLAGS": "$env{CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Og -g --coverage -fprofile-update=atomic",
-                "CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS": "$env{CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Og -g --coverage -fprofile-update=atomic"
+                "CMAKE_C_FLAGS": "$env{CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Og -g1 --coverage -fprofile-update=atomic",
+                "CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS": "$env{CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Og -g1 --coverage -fprofile-update=atomic"
             }
         },
         {
diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
index 5a3c171a5..60d46fe14 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-cmake.sh
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "*** Build config specified, calculating flags..."
 
         if [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "debug" ]]; then
-            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g"
+            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g1"
         elif [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "release" ]]; then
             BUILD_FLAGS="-O3"
         fi
diff --git a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
index 3d5db2d08..3acc41f76 100755
--- a/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
+++ b/builds/cmake/install-presets.sh
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "*** Build config specified, calculating flags..."
 
         if [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "debug" ]]; then
-            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g"
+            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g1"
         elif [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "release" ]]; then
             BUILD_FLAGS="-O3"
         fi
diff --git a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
index 489d4c677..43b29dd99 100755
--- a/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
+++ b/builds/gnu/install-gnu.sh
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ main()
         msg_verbose "*** Build config specified, calculating flags..."
 
         if [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "debug" ]]; then
-            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g"
+            BUILD_FLAGS="-Og -g1"
         elif [[ "${BUILD_CONFIG}" == "release" ]]; then
             BUILD_FLAGS="-O3"
         fi
diff --git a/builds/msvc/properties/Debug.props b/builds/msvc/properties/Debug.props
index d643eaa9d..1a54192f3 100644
--- a/builds/msvc/properties/Debug.props
+++ b/builds/msvc/properties/Debug.props
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <!-- Inline explicit-inline functions so header-inline template accessors
+           are not emitted out-of-line in every TU (debug .lib image size). -->
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>OnlyExplicitInline</InlineFunctionExpansion>
       <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
     </ClCompile>
diff --git a/include/bitcoin/database/impl/memory/mmap_private.ipp b/include/bitcoin/database/impl/memory/mmap_private.ipp
index 8d4046723..ad5cacc75 100644
--- a/include/bitcoin/database/impl/memory/mmap_private.ipp
+++ b/include/bitcoin/database/impl/memory/mmap_private.ipp
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ template <size_t... Index>
 bool CLASS::remap_all_(size_t capacity, std::index_sequence<Index...>,
     bool final) NOEXCEPT
 {
-    // Probe the wave's disk requirement before touching any column file: a
-    // refused wave then retains no surplus provisioning (columns cannot be
-    // trimmed after a partial wave, as msc cannot shrink a mapped file).
+    // Probed before touching any column file: a refused wave then retains no
+    // surplus provisioning (a partial wave cannot be trimmed, as msc cannot
+    // shrink a mapped file).
     if (!probe_(capacity))
     {
         if (final)
@@ -377,9 +377,9 @@ bool CLASS::resize_(size_t size, bool final) NOEXCEPT
 }
 
 // The wave probe reserves the whole extension plus headroom on the store
-// volume (column widths sum to the stride), released upon the grant: a
-// refused wave touches no column file, and a granted one leaves the
-// headroom unclaimed.
+// volume (column widths sum to the stride) leaves the headroom unclaimed.
+// An unmeasurable volume admits the wave: growth failure is the store's own
+// disk full detection, and a query failure is not an exhaustion signal.
 TEMPLATE
 bool CLASS::probe_(size_t capacity) NOEXCEPT
 {
@@ -387,29 +387,14 @@ bool CLASS::probe_(size_t capacity) NOEXCEPT
     const auto bytes = ceilinged_multiply(
         floored_subtract(capacity, file_.load()), stride);
 
-    if (is_zero(bytes))
+    if (is_zero(bytes) || is_zero(headroom_))
         return true;
 
-    auto name = filenames_.front();
-    name += ".probe";
-    auto probe = file::invalid;
-    if (file::create_file(name))
-        probe = file::open(name);
-
-    const auto reserve = ceilinged_add(bytes, headroom_);
-#if !defined(WITHOUT_FALLOCATE)
-    const auto held = (probe != file::invalid) &&
-        (::fallocate(probe, 0, zero, reserve) != fail);
-#else
-    const auto held = (probe != file::invalid) &&
-        (::ftruncate(probe, reserve) != fail);
-#endif
-
-    if (probe != file::invalid)
-        file::close(probe);
+    size_t available{};
+    if (!file::space(available, filenames_.front()))
+        return true;
 
-    file::remove(name);
-    return held;
+    return available >= ceilinged_add(bytes, headroom_);
 }
 
 // Finalize failure results in unmapped.