diff --git a/crates/cognitive-shader-driver/tests/p64_target_identity_probe.rs b/crates/cognitive-shader-driver/tests/p64_target_identity_probe.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13cdcda8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/cognitive-shader-driver/tests/p64_target_identity_probe.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! F-ARW-TARGET-1 — does a P64 target survive the live shader → CE64 seam?
+//!
+//! This is a CHARACTERISATION / FALSIFIER probe, not a desired-behaviour
+//! contract. One BindSpace source row is made to produce four distinct P64
+//! target archetypes at exactly equal distance under one predicate layer.
+//!
+//! Upstream anti-vacuity: `CognitiveShader::cascade` must expose >1 distinct
+//! `CascadeHit.target` values.
+//!
+//! Downstream observation: `ShaderDriver` currently lowers each cascade hit to
+//! `ShaderHit { row, distance, predicates, resonance, ... }`, retaining the
+//! source BindSpace row but not `CascadeHit.target`. CE64 emission then derives
+//! S/P/O from that source row. If all emitted CE64 words are identical, target
+//! identity is proven lost at this seam.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use bgz17::base17::Base17;
+use bgz17::palette::Palette;
+use bgz17::palette_semiring::PaletteSemiring;
+use causal_edge::edge::CausalEdge64;
+use cognitive_shader_driver::{
+    BindSpaceBuilder, CognitiveShaderBuilder, CognitiveShaderDriver, ColumnWindow, MetaFilter,
+    MetaWord, ShaderDispatch, StyleSelector,
+};
+use lance_graph_contract::qualia::QualiaI4_16D;
+use p64_bridge::cognitive_shader::CognitiveShader;
+
+fn equal_distance_semiring() -> PaletteSemiring {
+    // Four distinct archetype INDICES with identical metric coordinates.
+    // Therefore query 0 sees targets 0..3 at exactly equal distance 0.
+    let entries = (0..4)
+        .map(|_| Base17 { dims: [0i16; 17] })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    PaletteSemiring::build(&Palette { entries })
+}
+
+fn one_source_row() -> cognitive_shader_driver::BindSpace {
+    let content = [0u64; 256];
+    BindSpaceBuilder::new(1)
+        .push(
+            &content,
+            MetaWord::new(1, 1, 200, 200, 5),
+            CausalEdge64::ZERO.0, // s_idx = 0 => query archetype 0
+            QualiaI4_16D::ZERO,
+            0,
+            0,
+        )
+        .build()
+}
+
+fn one_active_block() -> [[u64; 64]; 8] {
+    let mut planes = [[0u64; 64]; 8];
+    // CAUSES plane, query block-row 0 -> block-column 0.
+    // P64's 4×4 refinement expands this ONE topology bit to target
+    // archetypes 0,1,2,3.
+    planes[0][0] = 1;
+    planes
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn distinct_p64_targets_collapse_to_one_emitted_ce64_identity() {
+    let planes = one_active_block();
+    let semiring = Arc::new(equal_distance_semiring());
+
+    // Anti-vacuity: P64 itself really distinguishes multiple target identities.
+    let shader = CognitiveShader::new(planes, semiring.as_ref());
+    let raw = shader.cascade(0, u16::MAX, 0b0000_0001);
+    let targets = raw.iter().map(|h| h.target).collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
+    assert!(
+        targets.len() > 1,
+        "probe is vacuous: P64 did not produce multiple target archetypes: {targets:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        raw.windows(2).all(|pair| pair[0].distance == pair[1].distance),
+        "probe requires equal metric distance so only identity can distinguish targets: {raw:?}"
+    );
+
+    let driver = CognitiveShaderBuilder::new()
+        .bindspace(Arc::new(one_source_row()))
+        .semiring(Arc::clone(&semiring))
+        .planes(planes)
+        .build();
+
+    let req = ShaderDispatch {
+        rows: ColumnWindow::new(0, 1),
+        meta_prefilter: MetaFilter::ALL,
+        layer_mask: 0b0000_0001,
+        radius: u16::MAX,
+        style: StyleSelector::Ordinal(1),
+        ..ShaderDispatch::default()
+    };
+
+    let crystal = driver.dispatch(&req);
+    let n = crystal.bus.emitted_edge_count as usize;
+    assert!(
+        n > 1,
+        "probe is vacuous: the live driver emitted fewer than two CE64s (n={n})"
+    );
+
+    let emitted = &crystal.bus.emitted_edges[..n];
+    let first = emitted[0];
+    assert!(
+        emitted.iter().all(|&edge| edge == first),
+        "F-ARW-TARGET-1 falsified: distinct P64 targets remain distinguishable in emitted CE64s: {emitted:?}"
+    );
+
+    let decoded = CausalEdge64(first);
+    assert_eq!(decoded.s_idx(), 0, "source row 0 is projected to S=0");
+    assert_eq!(decoded.p_idx(), 0, "current emission writes P=0");
+    assert_eq!(decoded.o_idx(), 0, "source row 0 is projected to O=0");
+}